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Fruits and Ulcerative Colitis: Navigating the Nutritional Landscape

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions worldwide, causing symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. While medications remain the cornerstone of UC management, growing research highlights the essential role of nutrition, especially fruit intake, in symptom control and long-term gut health. But for many with UC, the simple act of eating an apple can be fraught with questions:
Which fruits are safe? Are some harmful? How do I balance nutrition and comfort?
Let’s break down the latest science and offer actionable guidance.


1. Why Fruits Matter in Ulcerative Colitis

Fruits are nutritional powerhouses:

  • Vitamins and Minerals (vitamin C, potassium, folate)
  • Antioxidants and Phytonutrients (anthocyanins, flavonoids)
  • Fiber (soluble and insoluble)
  • Prebiotics (nourish beneficial gut bacteria)

These nutrients collectively help repair tissues, reduce inflammation, and support overall well-being. In fact, population studies consistently show that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with a lower risk of developing UC.


2. Fruit Intake and UC: What Does the Latest Research Say?

Population Insights:

  • A recent meta-analysis found that people with higher fruit intake had a 31% reduced risk of UC compared to those with the lowest intake.
  • Dried fruits and antioxidant-rich varieties (berries, cherries) show particularly promising effects in reducing risk (MDPI, 2024).

New Clinical Trials:

  • Montmorency Tart Cherry Juice: In a groundbreaking human trial (2025), UC patients who consumed tart cherry juice daily for six weeks saw a 40% decrease in gut inflammation (measured by fecal calprotectin) and improved quality of life.
    However, sugar content and small sample size mean it’s not a stand-alone solution.
  • Plant-Based Diets: Large cohort studies confirm an 8% lower risk of UC among people eating the most fruits and vegetables.
  • Potatoes: Unexpectedly, recent UK research found that high potato intake correlated with a 51% higher risk of UC—suggesting not all plant foods are equal.

Emerging Science:

  • Animal studies with jujube and strawberry tree fruits show they may protect against colitis, but these benefits are not yet proven in humans.

3. Understanding the Fiber Factor: Soluble vs. Insoluble

Fiber is central to how fruits impact UC.

  • Insoluble fiber (skins, seeds, peels) can be irritating during flares, leading to gas, bloating, or diarrhea.
  • Soluble fiber (flesh of apples, bananas, pears when peeled) is generally gentler, absorbs water, and can help bulk stools.

Key tip: Focus on soluble fiber sources during active symptoms and flares.


4. Practical Tips: Choosing and Preparing Fruits with UC

During Flare-Ups:

  • Opt for low-fiber, gentle fruits: peeled apples, ripe bananas, canned peaches or pears (in juice, not syrup), well-cooked or poached fruits.
  • Avoid: raw fruit skins, seeds, tough peels, dried fruit (unless you know you tolerate it), and high-insoluble-fiber options like berries or grapes.

In Remission:

  • Gradually reintroduce a wider variety of fruits, including soft berries and dried fruits, in small amounts.
  • Try blending fruits (smoothies) or cooking (compotes, applesauce) to improve tolerance.

General Guidelines:

  • Listen to your gut: Everyone’s triggers are different. Keep a food and symptom diary to track reactions.
  • Go slow: Reintroduce new fruits one at a time.
  • Mind the juice: Fruit juices, even tart cherry, can be high in sugar and lack fiber—moderate your intake and dilute when possible.
  • Stay hydrated: Especially if your fruit intake increases stool output.

5. Best Fruits for People with UC (Based on Current Evidence and Practicality)

FruitWhen Best ToleratedHow to Prepare/ServePotential Benefits
Ripe BananasFlares, remissionRaw, mashed, in smoothiesSoluble fiber, potassium
Peeled ApplesFlares, remissionSteamed, applesauce, bakedAntioxidants, soluble fiber
Canned Peaches/PearsFlaresCanned in juice, drainedEasy to digest, low fiber
Tart CherriesRemissionJuice (diluted), dried (small amounts)Anti-inflammatory polyphenols
Papaya/MangoRemission, mild flaresPeeled, cubedEnzymes, vitamins A & C
Blueberries (cooked)RemissionStewed, in oatmealAntioxidants
Watermelon (seedless)RemissionChilled, cubedHydration, vitamins

6. Fruits to Approach with Caution (Especially During Flares)

  • Raw apples, pears (with skin)
  • Berries with seeds (strawberries, raspberries, blackberries)
  • Grapes (due to skin/seeds)
  • Dried fruits (unless very well tolerated)
  • Citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits; may irritate in some)
  • Pineapple (can be tough and fibrous)

7. Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can I eat fruit during a UC flare-up?
Yes, but stick to low-fiber options like peeled apples, ripe bananas, and canned pears or peaches. Avoid raw skins, seeds, and tough or dried fruits, which can aggravate symptoms.


2. Which fruits are safest for UC patients?
Safest choices include peeled apples, ripe bananas, canned peaches/pears (in juice), and well-cooked fruits. These are easier to digest and less likely to irritate the gut.


3. Are there fruits I should avoid completely with UC?
Avoid fruits with tough skins or seeds (e.g., raw apples, berries, grapes) during active flares. Citrus fruits, dried fruits, and pineapple can also be triggers for some people.


4. Is fruit juice a healthy choice for UC?
Most fruit juices are high in sugar and lack fiber. If you use juice (e.g., tart cherry juice, which shows potential benefits), drink it diluted and in moderation, and monitor your tolerance.


5. How does fiber in fruit affect UC symptoms?
Insoluble fiber (skins, seeds) can irritate during flares. Soluble fiber (found in peeled apples, bananas) is gentler. Adjust your intake based on your symptoms.


6. Does eating fruit increase the risk of a UC flare?
No strong evidence suggests fruit itself triggers flares. Triggers are individual—track your reactions, and avoid fruits that consistently cause symptoms.


7. Can dried fruits be included in a UC diet?
Dried fruit is linked to a lower risk of UC in some studies, but it’s high in sugar and fiber. Start with small amounts, and only if you tolerate them well.


8. Should I remove the skins from all fruits?
During flares or if you’re sensitive, it’s best to remove skins and seeds. In remission, you may try reintroducing them slowly and see how your body reacts.


9. How can I safely reintroduce fruits after a flare?
Start with gentle, peeled, or cooked fruits. Add new types one at a time, monitor your body’s response, and increase variety as tolerated.


10. Are there any fruits with special benefits for UC?
Recent research suggests tart cherry juice may help lower gut inflammation, but moderation is key due to sugar content. All fruits have unique nutrients—variety and preparation are more important than any single “superfruit.”

8. Personalizing Your Fruit Journey: How to Find Your Sweet Spot

  • Track: Keep a food/symptom journal for at least two weeks.
  • Experiment: Try different preparations—raw, cooked, blended, peeled.
  • Consult: Work with a dietitian experienced in IBD for tailored advice.
  • Balance: Combine fruits with protein or healthy fats (e.g., yogurt, nut butter) to slow digestion and avoid sugar spikes.

9. Looking Ahead: The Future of Fruit & UC

Research is ongoing, and while promising results from tart cherry juice and plant-based diets are encouraging, there’s no universal “superfruit” for UC. Individual responses vary, and moderation is key.

Stay tuned for larger studies on fruit extracts, the microbiome, and how food can complement medication in managing UC. As science evolves, so will our understanding of which fruits heal, which to limit, and how to make eating both pleasurable and safe.


Final Thoughts:

Fruits, when chosen and prepared with care, can be an ally for people with ulcerative colitis. The key is to individualize your choices, listen to your body, and adapt your diet as your condition changes. With knowledge, experimentation, and guidance, you can find a fruit-filled approach that supports your gut health—one bite at a time.

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Foods to Avoid for Eczema: Insights from Gut Health Expert Dr. Chanu Dasari, MD

Introduction

Eczema, a condition marked by inflamed and itchy skin, can be a persistent struggle for many. Various factors, including diet, play a crucial role in managing eczema symptoms. Dr. Chanu Dasari, a gut health expert, shares valuable insights into foods that often trigger eczema and how one can optimize their diet to manage the condition better. In his detailed video, Dr. Dasari discusses the significance of diet in managing immune inflammation and offers practical advice on foods to avoid and other strategies to manage eczema symptoms effectively.

📺 Watch the full video here: 4 Common Foods that Make Eczema Worse [AVOID THIS]: Gut Health Expert

Key Takeaways from Dr. Dasari’s Discussion

  • Food Journaling: Keeping a record of food intake and symptoms is crucial. Apps like Cara and MyFitnessPal can be helpful tools for tracking progress over time.
  • Foods to Avoid: Certain foods repeatedly emerge as triggers for eczema. Dr. Dasari discusses four specific food groups that often contribute to immune inflammation and eczema.
  • Digestive Enzymes: The incorporation of digestive enzymes in the diet is discussed, along with tips on planning an approach to address eczema inflammation.

Further Reading

Detailed Insights

Dr. Dasari emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual’s tolerance to different foods. He recommends maintaining a food journal to monitor the relationship between food intake and eczema severity. He also discusses the role of digestive enzymes and provides a nuanced take on optimizing diet to manage eczema symptoms.

Conclusion

Dr. Dasari’s insights offer a practical guide to understanding and managing the dietary aspects of eczema. His approach, centered around mindful observation of one’s diet and its impact, provides a pathway to managing eczema symptoms more effectively.

FAQs

  1. What are some common foods that trigger eczema as per Dr. Dasari? Dr. Dasari mentions that certain foods can act as triggers for eczema. However, he emphasizes the importance of individual variation and encourages keeping a food journal to identify personal triggers.
  2. How does Dr. Dasari recommend managing diet to improve eczema symptoms? Dr. Dasari suggests maintaining a food journal to understand the correlation between diet and eczema flare-ups. He also discusses the potential benefits of incorporating digestive enzymes into the diet.
  3. What tools does Dr. Dasari recommend for tracking diet and eczema symptoms? Dr. Dasari recommends using apps like Cara and MyFitnessPal to keep a detailed record of food intake and monitor its impact on eczema symptoms.
  4. Does Dr. Dasari suggest any specific dietary supplements for managing eczema? Dr. Dasari discusses the potential role of digestive enzymes in managing eczema symptoms, suggesting that they might be a beneficial addition to the diet.
  5. How does Dr. Dasari emphasize the role of individual variation in dietary triggers for eczema? He stresses that each person’s tolerance to different foods is unique, and hence, a personalized approach based on observation and journaling is essential.
  6. What is the significance of digestive enzymes in managing eczema according to Dr. Dasari? Dr. Dasari discusses how digestive enzymes can play a role in optimizing digestion and potentially helping in managing eczema symptoms.
  7. How can one identify their specific food triggers for eczema? Dr. Dasari encourages the practice of food journaling to identify and understand personal food triggers that may exacerbate eczema symptoms.
  8. What is the main takeaway from Dr. Dasari’s discussion on diet and eczema? The main takeaway is the importance of a personalized approach to diet, understanding individual triggers, and considering the role of digestive enzymes in managing eczema.
  9. Does Dr. Dasari recommend any specific apps for food journaling? Yes, he recommends apps like Cara and MyFitnessPal for effective food journaling to track the relationship between diet and eczema symptoms.
  10. Where can one watch the full video of Dr. Dasari discussing diet and eczema? The full video by Dr. Dasari can be watched here, where he provides detailed insights into managing eczema through diet.

Blog Tags

eczema, diet, Dr. Chanu Dasari, gut health, food triggers, immune inflammation, digestive enzymes


Further Reading and Resources

Navigating through the journey of eczema treatment requires a comprehensive understanding and exploration of various approaches and remedies. Here are some curated articles that delve into different aspects of managing eczema effectively:

  1. Exploring the Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil in Eczema Treatment:
  • Dive into the therapeutic potentials of tea tree oil as a natural remedy for eczema. This article explores its benefits, application methods, and considerations to enhance your eczema management strategies.
  1. Apple Cider Vinegar: A Natural Approach to Eczema Care:
  • Discover the role of apple cider vinegar in soothing eczema symptoms. Learn about its application, benefits, and how it can be integrated into your eczema care routine.
  1. Navigating the Side Effects of Steroid Creams in Eczema Treatment:
  • Gain insights into the considerations and side effects associated with the use of steroid creams in managing eczema. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions in your treatment journey.
  1. Biologics in Eczema Treatment: A New Horizon:
  • Explore the revolutionary role of biologics in eczema treatment. Understand their mechanism, benefits, and what to expect when considering biologics as a treatment option.

Each article offers valuable perspectives and information, aiming to support and guide you through various facets of eczema treatment and care.

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Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE): Foods to Avoid

a doctor with stethoscope wearing pink face mask while looking at the camera

1. Introduction: Navigating the Complex World of EoE

Eosinophilic Esophagitis, often abbreviated as EoE, is a chronic immune system disease that has been gaining increasing attention in both medical and dietary circles. It’s a condition where the esophagus becomes inflamed due to an overreaction to certain foods or allergens. This inflammation can lead to a myriad of symptoms, impacting one’s quality of life. With the rise in EoE diagnoses, understanding the dietary triggers becomes paramount. This guide delves deep into the foods that can exacerbate EoE symptoms, offering insights and recommendations for those navigating this challenging condition.


2. The Immune Response: EoE Unveiled

At the heart of EoE lies an intricate dance between the immune system and potential allergens. Here’s what happens:

  • Eosinophils: These specialized white blood cells play a pivotal role in allergic reactions. In EoE, they accumulate in the esophagus, leading to inflammation and discomfort.
  • Allergens and the Immune Overreaction: The immune system, designed to protect the body, can sometimes misidentify certain food proteins as threats. This misidentification triggers an overproduction of eosinophils, leading to the symptoms of EoE.
  • Beyond Food: While foods are primary triggers, environmental factors like pollen or certain medications can also exacerbate EoE symptoms, making management a bit more complex.

3. The Six-Food Elimination Diet (SFED): A Dietary Lifeline for EoE

One of the most recommended approaches for managing EoE is the Six-Food Elimination Diet. Here’s a closer look:

  • The Big Six: The primary culprits often include wheat (and gluten), milk, eggs, nuts, soy, and seafood. Each of these has been linked to EoE flare-ups in numerous studies.
  • The Process: Initially, all six foods are eliminated from the diet for a specified period, often six to eight weeks. Following this, they are reintroduced one by one, monitoring for any resurgence in symptoms. This method helps pinpoint individual triggers.
  • Personalization is Key: While the SFED provides a framework, it’s essential to remember that EoE triggers can vary from person to person. Some might react to gluten, while others might find soy as their primary trigger.

4. Gluten and EoE: Unraveling the Connection

Given the increasing awareness of gluten sensitivities and its mention in your queries, it’s essential to address its role in EoE:

  • Gluten – A Common Culprit?: Gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, has been identified as a potential trigger for many with EoE. Its inflammatory properties can exacerbate symptoms in sensitive individuals.
  • Celiac Disease vs. EoE: While both conditions can react to gluten, they are distinct. Celiac disease is an autoimmune reaction to gluten, while EoE is an allergic reaction to various triggers, including gluten.
  • Navigating a Gluten-Free Diet: For those with EoE sensitive to gluten, adopting a gluten-free diet can be beneficial. This involves reading labels carefully, being aware of cross-contamination, and seeking gluten-free alternatives.

By delving into the depths of EoE and its dietary triggers, this guide aims to be a beacon of knowledge for those affected. The subsequent sections will further explore other potential triggers, management strategies, and the broader implications of living with EoE, ensuring a holistic and comprehensive approach to the topic.

5. Dairy’s Role in EoE: A Creamy Culprit?

Dairy products, while delicious and nutritious, can sometimes be a thorn in the side for those with EoE. Let’s explore this relationship:

  • Lactose vs. Protein: It’s essential to differentiate between lactose intolerance and a reaction to dairy proteins in EoE. While lactose intolerance results from the inability to digest lactose, EoE reactions to dairy are typically due to proteins like casein.
  • Common Offenders: Milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, and even some processed foods containing dairy derivatives can trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.
  • Dairy Alternatives: Fortunately, the market is replete with dairy alternatives. Almond milk, soy milk, oat milk, and lactose-free products can be excellent substitutes. However, it’s crucial to read labels, as some alternatives might contain other potential EoE triggers.

6. Beyond Food: Environmental Allergens and EoE

While dietary triggers are at the forefront of EoE management, we cannot overlook the role of environmental allergens:

  • Pollen and EoE: Seasonal allergies, often due to pollen, can exacerbate EoE symptoms. This overlap suggests a shared immune response mechanism.
  • Household Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, and molds can also play a role in triggering EoE symptoms. Regular cleaning, using air purifiers, and hypoallergenic bedding can help reduce exposure.
  • Medications: Some individuals might find that certain medications can worsen their EoE. It’s essential to discuss any observed correlations with a healthcare professional.

7. Recognizing and Managing Food Impactions

One of the more severe complications of EoE is food impaction, where food gets lodged in the inflamed esophagus:

  • Symptoms and Risks: A feeling of food ‘stuck’ in the throat or chest, pain, and difficulty swallowing can indicate a food impaction. If not addressed, it can lead to infections and further complications.
  • Prevention: Chewing food thoroughly, eating slowly, and avoiding large or hard-to-digest foods can reduce the risk. Additionally, staying on top of EoE management and avoiding known triggers can prevent severe inflammation that predisposes to impactions.
  • Immediate Care: If you suspect a food impaction, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. In some cases, an endoscopic procedure might be required to remove the lodged food.

By addressing both the common and less-discussed triggers and complications of EoE, this guide aims to provide a 360-degree view of the condition. The following sections will delve into lifestyle tips, the importance of holistic care, and the latest research findings, ensuring readers are well-equipped to manage and understand EoE.

8. Nutritional and Lifestyle Tips for EoE Management

Living with EoE requires more than just avoiding triggers. It’s about adopting a holistic approach that encompasses diet, lifestyle, and mental well-being:

  • Balanced Diet: While eliminating certain foods is crucial, it’s equally important to ensure you’re getting all essential nutrients. Consider working with a nutritionist to craft a balanced, EoE-friendly meal plan.
  • Mindful Eating: Paying attention to how you eat can be as important as what you eat. Chew thoroughly, eat slowly, and try to make mealtimes relaxed and stress-free.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help ease the passage of food through the esophagus, reducing the risk of impactions.
  • Regular Check-ups: Regular consultations with gastroenterologists and allergists can help monitor the condition and adjust treatments as necessary.

9. The Emotional and Psychological Impact of EoE

Chronic conditions like EoE can take a toll on mental health. Recognizing and addressing these challenges is vital:

  • Seek Support: Joining EoE support groups, either online or in-person, can provide a platform to share experiences, seek advice, and find solace in community.
  • Mental Health Matters: Feelings of anxiety, frustration, or isolation are common. Consider seeking therapy or counseling to address these emotions and develop coping strategies.
  • Educate and Advocate: The more you understand about EoE, the better equipped you’ll be to advocate for yourself, whether it’s explaining the condition to friends or discussing treatment options with healthcare providers.

10. The Future of EoE: Research and Innovations

The medical community’s understanding of EoE is continually evolving, with new research offering hope for even better management strategies:

  • Emerging Treatments: From biologics targeting specific immune pathways to novel dietary interventions, the future of EoE treatment looks promising.
  • Genetic Insights: Studies are exploring potential genetic markers that might predict EoE susceptibility or guide personalized treatment approaches.
  • Patient-Centered Research: More than ever, researchers are focusing on patient experiences and needs, ensuring that new treatments are not only effective but also improve quality of life.

As we delve deeper into the multifaceted world of EoE, this guide aims to be a comprehensive resource, offering insights, recommendations, and hope. The subsequent sections will further explore the broader implications of living with EoE, ensuring that readers have a thorough understanding of the condition and its management.


11. EoE in Children vs. Adults: Understanding the Differences

EoE can affect individuals across all age groups, but the presentation and management can vary between children and adults:

  • Symptoms Variation: While adults might report chest pain, heartburn, or difficulty swallowing, children often present with feeding difficulties, growth problems, or even behavioral changes related to food aversion.
  • Diagnosis Challenges: In children, especially toddlers, articulating discomfort can be challenging. Parents and caregivers should be vigilant about any changes in eating habits or unexplained aversions to certain foods.
  • Treatment Approaches: While the core treatment principles remain the same, children might require specialized pediatric care, including child-friendly dietary interventions and age-appropriate medications.

12. Holistic Care: Beyond Diet and Medication

EoE, like many chronic conditions, benefits from a holistic approach to care:

  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise can boost overall health, reduce stress, and potentially alleviate some EoE symptoms.
  • Stress Management: Stress can exacerbate EoE symptoms. Techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can be beneficial.
  • Alternative Therapies: Some individuals find relief with complementary therapies like acupuncture or herbal supplements. Always discuss with a healthcare provider before trying new treatments.

13. Navigating Social and Dining Challenges with EoE

Dietary restrictions can pose challenges, especially in social settings:

  • Eating Out: Research restaurants in advance, communicate with staff about dietary needs, and consider carrying a card that lists your food triggers.
  • Social Gatherings: Inform hosts about your dietary restrictions, offer to bring EoE-friendly dishes, or eat beforehand to avoid potential triggers.
  • Raising Awareness: The more friends and family understand EoE, the more supportive and accommodating they can be.

14. Conclusion: Empowerment Through Knowledge

Living with EoE can be challenging, but with the right knowledge and resources, it’s manageable. Staying informed, advocating for oneself, and seeking a supportive community can make a world of difference. As research advances and awareness grows, there’s hope for even more effective strategies to manage and perhaps one day cure EoE.


This guide, with its multifaceted approach to EoE, aims to be a beacon of knowledge and support for those affected by the condition. By addressing the medical, dietary, emotional, and social aspects of EoE, it offers a comprehensive overview, ensuring readers feel informed, empowered, and understood.

FAQ Section: Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Unraveled

  1. What exactly is Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)? Eosinophilic Esophagitis, commonly referred to as EoE, is a chronic immune system disease. It’s characterized by the inflammation of the esophagus due to an overreaction to certain foods or allergens. This inflammation can lead to various symptoms, including difficulty swallowing and chest pain.
  2. How is EoE different from acid reflux or GERD? While both EoE and GERD can cause symptoms like heartburn and difficulty swallowing, they have different underlying causes. EoE is an allergic reaction involving eosinophils, whereas GERD is caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus.
  3. Are there specific foods known to trigger EoE symptoms? Common food triggers include dairy, wheat (and gluten), eggs, nuts, soy, seafood, and more. However, triggers can vary from person to person, making individualized dietary management essential.
  4. Can EoE be cured? Currently, there’s no known cure for EoE. However, with proper management, including dietary changes and medications, symptoms can be controlled and the quality of life improved.
  5. Is EoE hereditary? While the exact cause of EoE is still under research, there’s evidence to suggest a genetic component. Individuals with a family history of EoE or other allergic conditions might be at a higher risk.
  6. How is EoE diagnosed? Diagnosis typically involves an upper endoscopy, where a small camera is used to examine the esophagus. Biopsies might be taken to check for an elevated number of eosinophils.
  7. Are there any lifestyle changes that can help manage EoE? Beyond dietary modifications, stress management, avoiding environmental allergens, and maintaining regular check-ups with healthcare professionals can be beneficial in managing EoE.

Call to Action: Join the EoE Community

As we conclude this comprehensive guide, we invite you to be an active part of the EoE community:

  • Share Your Story: Your experiences can offer solace and guidance to others. Consider sharing your journey, tips, and insights.
  • Stay Updated: Medical research is ever-evolving. Subscribe to newsletters, join forums, and participate in webinars to stay abreast of the latest in EoE research and management.
  • Advocate and Raise Awareness: The more people understand EoE, the more research, resources, and support will be available. Consider volunteering, fundraising, or even just educating your immediate circle about the condition.

The journey with EoE might be challenging, but with the right information and support, it’s a journey one doesn’t have to walk alone.

Blog Tags: Eosinophilic Esophagitis, EoE, food triggers, immune system disease, esophagus inflammation, gluten sensitivity, dairy allergy, Six-Food Elimination Diet, SFED, eosinophils, allergic reaction, EoE management, EoE symptoms, EoE diagnosis, EoE in children, EoE in adults, EoE research, EoE treatments, EoE support groups, EoE dietary tips.